Science Inventory

Next >>

Background: Observational epidemiologic studies provide critical data for the evaluation of the potential effects of environmental, occupational and behavioural exposures on human health. Systematic reviews of these studies play a key role in informing policy and practice. System...

Several related research efforts are in-progress in the US EPA to inform a large(r) hazard and dose-response landscape for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS); such data may be critical to informing data-poor mixture PFAS. The expressed objective is to identify dose-respon...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are compounds found in many consumer and industrial products with ubiquitous spread in environmental matrices. While there is evidence that some PFAS, notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), cause d...

Bioaccessibility and relative bioavailability of As, Cd, Pb and Sb was investigated in 30 legacy gold mining wastes (calcine sands, grey battery sands, tailings) from Victorian goldfields (Australia). Pseudo-total As concentration in 29 samples was 1.45–148-fold higher than...

Increasing water shortages and aging infrastructure have broadened interest in using alternative source waters for a range of end uses. Developing fit-for-purpose treatment approaches requires consideration of both the proximal risks of reuse-related exposures and the more distal...

This book chapter addresses the topic of chemical toxicokinetics in fish. Introductory sections provide an overview of chemical absorption, distribution, and excretion, and highlight how adaptations of fish to their aquatic environment shape these processes. An extended section o...

Background and Purpose:  Consumer products are a major source of chemical exposure and therefore potential risk. It is important to understand what chemicals are typically present in various types of products for risk evaluation and assessment of new products for uncommon ch...

Background and Purpose: To establish toxicity reference values, risk assessments require reliable methods with well-characterized uncertainty. Next generation risk assessment will require in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) to translate observed cellular responses to whole ...

Describes timely work on the comparison of dose-response modeling methods for multiple types of omics data.

Abstract for Harmful Algal Blooms Session at SOT 2024 Anatoxins are small, water-soluble molecules produced by cyanobacteria in fresh and marine waters globally. They are known to cause prolonged depolarization at the neuromuscular junctions leading to generalized paralysis and c...

Sprague-Dawley rat dams were exposed via oral gavage from GD18-22 to PFO4DA or PFO5DoA across a series of doses ranging from 0.1 to 62.5 mg/kg/d. Fetal livers and maternal livers and serum were collected on GD22 and hepatic transcriptomics in both dam and offspring and serum meta...

This slide set describes the general concepts in exposure assessment, including the relationship between exposure assessment and human health risk assessment, relationship between exposure and dose, routes of exposure and how to calculate exposure from each route, important eleme...

N/A

Atmospheric water harvesting can provide a high-quality water source for potable or non-potable applications.  However, like other water sources, collected condensate must be managed appropriately to prevent microbial growth.  Of particular concern are opportunistic pathogens suc...

Background: A fluorochemical facility near Fayetteville, North Carolina, emitted per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether acids (PFEAs), a subgroup of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), to air. Objective: Analyze PFAS in private wells near the facility and in blood from ...

In February 2024, EPA released the <em>Protocol for the Uranium IRIS Assessment (Oral) (Preliminary Assessment Materials)</em> for a 30-day public review and comment period. As part of developing a draft IRIS assessment, EPA presents a protocol that describes the methodology for ...

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments support the EPA mission to protect human health and the environment by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals of concern to the Superfund and RCRA Programs, and providing an important source of t...

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments support the EPA mission to protect human health and the environment by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals of concern to the Superfund and RCRA Programs, and providing an important source of t...

Protein processing operations include animal slaughtering, meat and poultry product production, and/or rendering of byproducts. These facilities utilize large volumes of water for hair/hide/feather removal, carcass washing, chilling, trimming and cutting, cooking, and cleaning/sa...

Environmental justice seeks to affirm individual&rsquo;s rights to a healthy environment within communities that are subjected to a disproportionate burden of environmental hazard. These communities often experience higher levels of chronic stress and reduced quality of life, whi...

Current estimates of the size of worldwide and domestic chemical inventories are substantial, with increasing trends in future chemical production and release. Relatively few of the chemicals in commerce, as well as those found in the environment, various waste streams, and the h...

The transcriptomic-based reference values (TRV) is defined as an estimate of a daily oral dose that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse effects following chronic exposure.  The TRV is meant to protect both the exposed individual and population from effects other t...

Background and purpose Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) is a high production volume phthalate ester with reproductive toxicity concerns. Previous research identified that DCHP reduced overall testosterone production and expression of 14 genes vital to reproductive development in a d...

The U.S. EPA has a long history of using New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) (e.g., read across and quantitative structure activity relationship) for hazard identification and modeling for exposure assessment. The agency continues to implement NAMs for new and existing chemicals to...

In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) re-evaluated Toxic Equivalency factors (TEFs) developed for dioxin-like compounds believed to act through the Ah receptor based on an updated database of relative estimated potency (REP)(REP2004&nbsp;database). This re-evalution identi...